The land is divided into five regions with environment difference in consideration: north, northeast, southeast, south and midwest. A noticeable distinction between the rich and the poor is found in regional inequality. The five regions are quite different with the diverse environment through the large land. People in different regions have different ancestors.
In the Northeast, a sugar cane industry was developed by African descendants in the 16th and 17th centuries around Salvador.

Gold deposits were discovered in Minas Gerais State in the Southeast in the 18th century. Plus, Sáo Paulo has been powerful due to the successful coffee production since the late 19th.
The South accepted Europeans who were helpful for economic development after emancipation of slaves. The government made people move to the Amazon area in the north, where few people used to live to solidify the border areas, which meets twelve neighboring countries in the 20th century.